接下來帶大家了解一下托福閱讀中的�？碱}型，熟悉題型之后同學(xué)們就可以有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)了。閱讀�？及舜箢}型包括：事實(shí)信息題，否定事實(shí)信息題，句子簡(jiǎn)化題，推斷題，修辭目的題，詞匯題，插入題，小結(jié)題。
1、事實(shí)信息題
此類題目會(huì)針對(duì)段落中的具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行出題。要求考生能夠根據(jù)題干定位原文，理解句子，然后選出和句子一致的選項(xiàng)。做對(duì)事實(shí)信息題的核心在于句子理解。句子讀不懂，就無法定位原文。哪怕定位到了原文，但是不理解句子，同樣做不對(duì)正確選項(xiàng)。建議課下認(rèn)真做好文章精讀。具體的精讀方法可以看往期文章或者直接咨詢老師。
出題方式：
According to the paragraph--, which of the following is true of X?
According to the paragraph--, why did X do Y?
練習(xí)：Most people consider the landscape to be unchanging, but Earth is a dynamic body, and its surface is continually altering-slowly on the human time scale, but relatively rapidly when compared to the great age of Earth (about 4,500 billion years). There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processes such as uplift, which create new landscape features, and destructive forces such as erosion, which gradually wear away exposed land forms.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of changes in Earth's landscape?
○They occur more often by uplift than by erosion
○They occur only at special times.
○They occur less frequently now than they once did.
○They occur quickly in geological terms.
2、否定事實(shí)信息題
這個(gè)題型和第一種題型的區(qū)別就是增加了“否定”兩個(gè)字。這個(gè)題目和事實(shí)信息題考察的能力是一致的，都是對(duì)段落中具體的細(xì)節(jié)考察。只不過這個(gè)題目要求考生選擇一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，即不符合題目要求的選項(xiàng)。做題過程中可以運(yùn)用并列邏輯關(guān)系做題。
出題方式：
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT…
練習(xí)：Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.
4.According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPT
A. exposure to predators
B. a buildup of fat stores
C. a loss of fuel that could be used for growth
D. risk of injury from slipping or falling
3、句子簡(jiǎn)化題
此題考察對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解。針對(duì)文中的某一句話進(jìn)行提問，選出和這個(gè)句子意思一致的選項(xiàng)。
每篇考察一個(gè)，而且出題方式不變。做此題的關(guān)鍵在于找到標(biāo)注句子的核心主干和邏輯關(guān)系。
出題方式：
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
4、推斷題
推斷題主要考察考生的推斷能力，即在原文基礎(chǔ)上理解文章，做出合理推斷。此類題目的難點(diǎn)在于邏輯推理。很多同學(xué)看到了句子本身，也翻譯的很好，但是不能做出合理推斷。學(xué)習(xí)比較邏輯，轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯會(huì)對(duì)做題有幫助。
出題方式：
Which of the following can be inferred from…..？
The author of the passage implies that…..
5、修辭目的題
考察對(duì)文章中一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)例子，或者一句話的目的或者意圖的理解。重點(diǎn)不是所提問部分本身的內(nèi)容，而是提到這個(gè)部分的目的是什么。答案大部分在所問句子之前的主旨句，小部分出現(xiàn)在本句之后的句子。
出題方式：
The author discusses X in order to...?
Why does the author mention X?
The author uses X as an example of …
6、詞匯題
顧名思義，這個(gè)題考察考生的詞匯量�？忌~匯量大的話直接根據(jù)單詞本身選出同義詞即可。如果不認(rèn)識(shí)的話可以放到原文中進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，然后選出同義詞，但是這樣比較浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。所以還是建議同學(xué)們課下好好背單詞，減少這個(gè)題的做題時(shí)間。
出題方式：
The word/phrase XXX in the passage is closest in meaning to…
The word/phrase XXX in paragraph…refers to…
7、插入題
每篇閱讀文章的倒數(shù)第二個(gè)題都是插入題。要求考生把一個(gè)給定的句子插入到四個(gè)方框中合適的位置�？疾炜忌鷮�(duì)上下文的理解能力和邏輯推理能力。比較類似高考的完形填空，只不過不是選擇正確的詞，而是選擇正確的句子而已。
出題方式：
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?.
8、小結(jié)題
此題考察對(duì)整個(gè)文章的總結(jié)概括能力。要求從6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出3個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)。正確選項(xiàng)包括概括一個(gè)段落或多個(gè)段落主旨。選項(xiàng)只是原文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或者跟原文不符的就不能選。所以要求閱讀過程中總結(jié)每段的段落大意。
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