托福寫作考試答題策略分析
2022-01-21點(diǎn)擊量:148
一.“語言制勝”策略語言能力是托福寫作考試考查的重中之重,這也是考生很難在短時間內(nèi)大幅度提高的。若想快速提高語言能力,須從詞匯與句法著手準(zhǔn)備。1.巧妙用詞1)一詞多義建議考生在備考過程中重視一詞多義,即靈活應(yīng)用不同詞匯表達(dá)同一種意思,這也是評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)之一。例如,在表達(dá)“大”這個概念時,沒必要機(jī)械地重復(fù)使用“big”這一個詞,可靈活使用其同義詞:large,tremendous,gigantic,grand等等。2)重視連詞連詞能夠使文章邏輯順暢,語言連貫,建議考生牢記各種連詞如inspiteof,inaddition,moreover,eventhough,nevertheless等。此外,還須注意詞語表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性,因?yàn)橥懈懽髯⒅乜疾橛谜Z言準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)思想,若頻繁使用“高深莫測”的超難詞匯,恐怕會“弄巧成拙”。2.句法多樣應(yīng)用多種“黃金句型”,避免重復(fù)單一。建議考生平時多做造句練習(xí),以便更熟練地掌握典型句式!包S金句型”包括:1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。Itisintheprocessofsuchanendeavorthatpeoplerealizethepowerofunity.Itistheassociatedresponsibilitythatbuildsupasolidinfrastructureofagroup.2.)倒裝句Notonlywillithelponekeepagoodbalancebetweenworkandrest,butitcanalsofurtherbenefithimbothspirituallyandphysically.Goodmedicinetastesbitterbutcuresdiseasesandsaveslife,sodoeshonestadvice.3)并列結(jié)構(gòu)Tremendousinvestmentsarebeingmadetoconstructmoreroads,buildmoreoverpassesanddevelopnewbusandsubwaylines.Takingupafavoritesubjectimprovesperformanceduringtheircourseofstudyandbringsaboutmoresatisfactoryresults.4)修辭問句Howcouldapersonshowpurefriendlinesstootherswhilewearingasmilingmask?Shouldn’tthestudentsfinishtheirhomeworkontime?5)插入語Otherpeople,however,wouldratherholdsmalleroneswithinthefamily.二.“論證技巧”策略由于獨(dú)立寫作的體裁均為議論文,因此,考生必須靈活運(yùn)用多重論證技巧,最為典型的論證技巧包括:1.例證法舉例是說服力極強(qiáng)的論證技巧。此外,應(yīng)盡量使事例具體化。如:...Forinstance,trafficjamfeeswereintroducedinSingaporein1975.Sincethen,Sweden,Britain,Norway,Italy,PortugalandChinahavefollowedsuit...又如:Havinganintelligentpartnerbyoursideisjustlikereceivingcharcoalwhenthesnowfalls.Heiscompetentenoughtooffersincereandapplicablesuggestionsthatcoulddragusoutoftroubledwaters.Bymakingfulluseofourcombinedwisdom,problemscanbesolvedeasily.Takemycousinasanexample:Hehasjustsetuphisowncompany.Attheverybeginning,hewasfacedwithaseriesofproblemsinbusinessadministration.Afterconsultinghisbestfriend,anMBAstudentinHarvard,hesmoothlytackledthoseproblems.AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,‘hewhogetsincontactwithvermillionwillbecomered’.Afriend’swisdomandaccomplishmentscandirectlyinfluenceusinpositiveways.建議考生平時廣泛搜集可作為熱點(diǎn)話題論據(jù)的各種素材,包括名人軼事、歷史事件、新聞報道、生活經(jīng)歷等等,不斷積累,并學(xué)會將其恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)用于論證過程之中。2.因果論證法因果論證法是深入展開討論的典型論證技巧,恰當(dāng)使用因果法,可以使段落思路連貫,邏輯明晰,論證嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)透徹。因果法論證步驟:提出論點(diǎn)→提出原因→分析條件→得出結(jié)果。如:Besides,TVisalsoaneffectiveteachingtoolthathelpsenhancelearningefficiency.Thelargevarietyofeducationprogramsarespeciallydesignedtomakestudytimemoreenjoyable.“Followme,”apopularEnglishlearningprogram,isaperfectexample.Thesuperiorvisualandsoundeffectshelpleaveadeeperimpressionontheviewersandimprovetheirlearningeffectiveness.Therefore,TVdoesnotmerelyservefordelightbutalsoforeducation.3.拆分法在寫作構(gòu)思過程中,往往需要對論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行合理拆分,從不同側(cè)面展開論述,以達(dá)到論證邏輯的全面性。例如:Secondly,travellingexpendituresmaybecutdownandmuchmoneycanbesaved.Regardingtheaccommodationonthejourney,companionscanshareadoubleroominahotel.Thus,eachofthemonlyhastopayhalfoftheroomprice.Thesameistruewitheating.Itisamostpopularchoicefortravelerstogodutchwhenhavingmealsinrestaurants.Inthisway,notonlycantheyenjoymoredishes,buttheycanalsospendlessmoneythanpeoplewhodinealone.Inaddition,onthetrip,theremightbethenecessitytorentvehicles.Likewise,transportationcostscanbesharedequallybetweenthemaswell.三.“真題完勝”策略托福寫作考試的命題趨勢表明,考題重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的概率很高,因此,機(jī)經(jīng)的參考價值不容小覷。建議考生在平時寫作練習(xí)過程中,充分選用最近幾年考過的寫作真題,對過去幾年考過的題目進(jìn)行分類整理,并有針對的進(jìn)行練習(xí),以求“事半功倍”。四.“贏在范文”策略高分范文無疑是參考價值最高的寫作備考資料。然而,很多考生因不知如何借助典型優(yōu)秀范文快速提高寫作成績而苦惱。首先,應(yīng)當(dāng)挑選題目新、話題多樣、寫法全面的高質(zhì)量范文資料,這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,倘若范文質(zhì)量欠佳,勢必會影響備考效率。然后,按照如下步驟使用范文資料:第1步,通讀30篇高分范文,注意尋找文章的寫作思路和主要論點(diǎn),把握整體框架。以《托福高分范文大全》中的文章為例,2013年6月15日考題:Thewayapersondressesinisagoodindicationofhis/herpersonalityandcharacter.通讀此文時,應(yīng)找到文章主要論點(diǎn):1.著裝習(xí)慣反映個人偏好;2.著裝習(xí)慣透露了性格的某些方面;3.除了著裝習(xí)慣,行為和舉止是性格的更真實(shí)體現(xiàn)。第2步,精讀10篇范文,理清每句話之間的關(guān)系。如:Relativeswereco-habitantsinsidealargehousewheremoreintimaterelationshipscouldbestablymaintainedandcarriedon.Nowadays,however,nuclearfamiliesaretakingupthegreatestratioofsocialbuild-up...這兩句話之間形成了轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系。又如:Minorsetbacksmightcausealossofconfidence,orevenproduceoverwhelmingdistress.ThereforeIthinkitisunrealistictoexpectapersonwhoisdowninspirittoaccomplishtheirgoals.這兩句話之間形成了因果邏輯關(guān)系。第3步,詳細(xì)分析10篇范文,弄懂每句話內(nèi)部的關(guān)系以及每句話之間的關(guān)系。如:Inaddition,obsessedwithcomputergames,childrenaregraduallybecomingslavesunderthecontrolofthepre-designedgamemodes.Asamatteroffact,itisnotonlyawasteoftime,butmayalsoconsiderablymisleadchildrenmentally...在這段話中,標(biāo)志詞inaddition表明首句承前啟后,該句中,過去分詞短語obssessedwith...表原因,childrenareusually...是原因所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。第二句是對首句的進(jìn)一步解釋說明,注意notonly...butalso...這個典型句式的應(yīng)用。第4步,選取經(jīng)過詳細(xì)分析的10篇范文題目進(jìn)行仿寫練習(xí)。第5步,再選取另外10道題目進(jìn)行寫作練習(xí),完成后與范文對照,尋找自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足之處。五.“臨場實(shí)戰(zhàn)”策略毋庸置疑,合理安排考試時間是取得優(yōu)異成績的關(guān)鍵所在。對于獨(dú)立寫作而言,通常應(yīng)按照如下步驟完成答題:首先,審題并確定立場;然后,確定分論點(diǎn),構(gòu)建文章框架;下一步,全面展開論述;最后,通讀全文,進(jìn)行必要的修改。綜上所述,無論是在艱苦的備考過程之中,還是在緊張壓抑的考場之上,托福寫作高分策略勢必將有助于增強(qiáng)考生必勝的信心,進(jìn)而確保其高水平發(fā)揮,并最終獲得理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。...